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Red Bluff, California

Coordinates: 40°10′36″N 122°14′17″W / 40.17667°N 122.23806°W / 40.17667; -122.23806
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City of Red Bluff
City
Cone & Kimball Plaza clocktower, known as the "Center of the City"
Cone & Kimball Plaza clocktower, known as the "Center of the City"
Motto: 
"A Great Place To Live"
Location in California (left) and Tehama County (right)
Location in California (left) and Tehama County (right)
City of Red Bluff is located in the United States
City of Red Bluff
City of Red Bluff
Location in the United States
City of Red Bluff is located in California
City of Red Bluff
City of Red Bluff
City of Red Bluff (California)
Coordinates: 40°10′36″N 122°14′17″W / 40.17667°N 122.23806°W / 40.17667; -122.23806
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyTehama
IncorporatedMarch 31, 1876[1]
Area
[2]
 • City
7.67 sq mi (19.88 km2)
 • Land7.56 sq mi (19.58 km2)
 • Water0.11 sq mi (0.30 km2)  1.48%
Elevation
[3]
305 ft (93 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • City
14,710
 • Density1,900/sq mi (740/km2)
 • Urban
[citation needed]
18,434
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP code
96080
Area code530
FIPS code06-59892
GNIS feature IDs277581, 2411527
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata

Red Bluff is a city in and the county seat of Tehama County, California, United States.[5] The population was 14,710 at the 2020 census, up from 14,076 at the 2010 census.

It is located 131 miles (211 kilometers) north of Sacramento, 31 miles (50 km) south of Redding, and it is bisected by Interstate 5. Red Bluff is situated on the banks of the upper Sacramento River. Located in the northernmost part of California’s Central Valley, the city marks the northern end of a vast contiguously cultivated area that extends all the way to Bakersfield, 400 miles (640 km) to the south. Mildly rugged terrain, used as rangeland, separates Red Bluff from the next crop areas to the north in Cottonwood.

It was originally known as Leodocia, but was renamed to Covertsburg in 1853. It got its current name in 1854.[6] Located at the head of navigation on the Sacramento River the town flourished in the mid to late 19th century as a landing point for miners heading to the Trinity County gold fields and later as a temporary terminus for the Southern Pacific Railroad's northward expansion.

Geography

[edit]

Red Bluff is on the northern edge of the Sacramento Valley, and is the third largest city in the Shasta Cascade region. It is about 31 miles (50 km) south of Redding, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Chico, and 131 miles (211 km) north of Sacramento.

The city is located at 40°10′36″N 122°14′17″W / 40.17667°N 122.23806°W / 40.17667; -122.23806 (40.176640, -122.237951).[7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.7 square miles (20 square kilometers). 7.6 square miles (20 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it is water. The total area is 1.48% water.

History

[edit]
Etching of Levensohn & Galland Building, 1864[8]
Odd Fellows Building in downtown Red Bluff (2020)
Main Street stores, 1987
Further information: Historic Chinatown Alley

In the early 19th century the Siskiyou Trail was the main north to south path connecting Northern California and Southern Oregon first used by the Native Americans and later fur trappers and hunters. The first European to settle the northern Sacramento Valley in what was then Alta California was Peter Lassen who in 1844 was granted the 24,000 acre Rancho Bosquejo tract from the Mexican government near present-day Vina, about 20 miles southeast of Red Bluff. There he proposed to establish a town but his attempts were thwarted when the California Gold Rush stole the focus of the settlers he had gathered in Missouri. Regardless, the publicity from his colonization efforts attracted new settlers to the valley. In the late 1840s riverboat traffic began expanding northward along the Sacramento River. Lassen's initial attempt to navigate to his ranch in 1849 had failed but the following year a riverboat managed to make the arduous 125-mile journey from Sacramento in 5 months before ultimately being sunk. The discovery of gold near Yreka, California in 1851 brought a new rush northward and settlers soon flooded the area, looking for the quickest route to the gold fields. A site on the Sacramento River just north of Reeds Creek was determined to be the river's navigable head and a small community soon sprung up around the important landing. First known as Leodocia then Covertsburg, by then time a post office was established on October 17, 1853, residents had settled on the name Red Bluff, in recognition of the titular geographical features once prominent along the banks of the Sacramento River.[9][10] The first postmaster was Samuel Bishop.

Tehama County was created in 1856 and Red Bluff was chosen as the seat of the new county. By 1859 the first permanent courthouse was constructed.

As early as 1854, committees were brought together at Red Bluff to plan a railroad route connecting California to southern Oregon through the Siskyou Mountains via Nobles Pass. The railroad finally reached Red Bluff in 1872 and for a few years it was the terminus, increasing the town's wealth greatly. In the 1880s white supremacists in Red Bluff began an ethnic cleansing campaign against the Chinese residents. In February 1886 thousands of whites in the "Anti-Coolie League" marched on Chinatown and went from house to house, ordering the occupants to leave within ten days. Later that year, after the Chinese population had been expelled, the Chinatown was burned.[11]

Growth slowed by the late 1880s when the railroad was continued north towards Redding but river boat commerce continued well into the 20th century. Mining was largely replaced by agriculture and Red Bluff remained a vital shipping point by rail and eventually highway.

In June 2020, a local Walmart distribution center was the site of a workplace shooting, in which an employee was killed and another four injured. The shooter, identified as a former employee at the distribution center, was then killed by responding police officers.[12]

Climate

[edit]

Red Bluff has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. There are an average of 100.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher and an average of 21.5 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record highest temperature was 121 °F (49.4 °C) on August 7, 1981, and the record lowest temperature was 17 °F (−8.3 °C) on January 9, 1937. Annual precipitation averages 23.21 inches (589.5 mm) with measurable precipitation falling on an average of 71 days. The wettest “rain year” was from July 1994 to June 1995 with 45.96 inches (1,167.4 mm) and the driest from July 1975 to June 1976 with 10.17 inches (258.3 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 21.47 inches (545.3 mm) in January 1995 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on January 8, 1995. The most snowfall in one month was 15.0 inches (38 cm) in January 1937. On February 24, 2023, Red Bluff received a rare 6 inches (15 cm) of snowfall.[13]

Climate data for Red Bluff, California (Red Bluff Municipal Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1933–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27) 		86
(30) 		92
(33) 		98
(37) 		108
(42) 		117
(47) 		119
(48) 		121
(49) 		118
(48) 		107
(42) 		93
(34) 		83
(28) 		121
(49)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 69.8
(21.0) 		74.3
(23.5) 		80.7
(27.1) 		87.8
(31.0) 		97.7
(36.5) 		106.9
(41.6) 		110.2
(43.4) 		107.5
(41.9) 		104.7
(40.4) 		94.6
(34.8) 		79.8
(26.6) 		68.4
(20.2) 		111.9
(44.4)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.5
(13.6) 		60.8
(16.0) 		65.7
(18.7) 		71.9
(22.2) 		81.6
(27.6) 		90.8
(32.7) 		98.0
(36.7) 		96.2
(35.7) 		91.4
(33.0) 		79.0
(26.1) 		64.2
(17.9) 		55.7
(13.2) 		76.0
(24.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 47.4
(8.6) 		50.8
(10.4) 		54.7
(12.6) 		59.6
(15.3) 		68.0
(20.0) 		76.4
(24.7) 		82.0
(27.8) 		79.9
(26.6) 		75.4
(24.1) 		65.1
(18.4) 		53.4
(11.9) 		46.8
(8.2) 		63.3
(17.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 38.2
(3.4) 		40.8
(4.9) 		43.7
(6.5) 		47.3
(8.5) 		54.5
(12.5) 		62.0
(16.7) 		66.0
(18.9) 		63.6
(17.6) 		59.3
(15.2) 		51.3
(10.7) 		42.3
(5.7) 		37.8
(3.2) 		50.6
(10.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 28.1
(−2.2) 		30.6
(−0.8) 		33.4
(0.8) 		36.4
(2.4) 		43.9
(6.6) 		52.1
(11.2) 		57.7
(14.3) 		56.0
(13.3) 		50.3
(10.2) 		41.0
(5.0) 		31.8
(−0.1) 		27.2
(−2.7) 		25.0
(−3.9)
Record low °F (°C) 17
(−8) 		21
(−6) 		26
(−3) 		28
(−2) 		33
(1) 		42
(6) 		51
(11) 		50
(10) 		41
(5) 		30
(−1) 		24
(−4) 		13
(−11) 		13
(−11)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.71
(120) 		4.15
(105) 		2.91
(74) 		1.55
(39) 		1.25
(32) 		0.44
(11) 		0.06
(1.5) 		0.05
(1.3) 		0.19
(4.8) 		1.04
(26) 		2.54
(65) 		4.23
(107) 		23.12
(587)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.3 9.5 9.7 6.6 5.4 2.4 0.3 0.6 1.1 4.0 7.4 11.0 68.3
Source 1: NOAA[14]
Source 2: National Weather Service[15]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1870992—
18802,106112.3%
18902,60823.8%
19002,7505.4%
19103,53028.4%
19203,104−12.1%
19303,51713.3%
19403,8248.7%
19504,90528.3%
19607,20246.8%
19707,6766.6%
19809,49023.6%
199012,36330.3%
200013,1476.3%
201014,0767.1%
202014,7104.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]

2010

[edit]

At the 2010 census Red Bluff had a population of 14,076. The population density was 1,833.6 inhabitants per square mile (708.0/km2). The racial makeup of Red Bluff was 11,366 (80.7%) White, 128 (0.9%) African American, 438 (3.1%) Native American, 187 (1.3%) Asian, 16 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,168 (8.3%) from other races, and 773 (5.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,037 persons (21.6%).[17]

The census reported that 13,637 people (96.9% of the population) lived in households, 150 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 289 (2.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 5,376 households, 2,033 (37.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,969 (36.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,022 (19.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 404 (7.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 537 (10.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 27 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,629 households (30.3%) were one person and 678 (12.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.54. There were 3,395 families (63.2% of households); the average family size was 3.11.

The age distribution was 3,950 people (28.1%) under the age of 18, 1,534 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 3,561 people (25.3%) aged 25 to 44, 3,157 people (22.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,874 people (13.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 32.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

There were 5,872 housing units at an average density of 764.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 2,277 (42.4%) were owner-occupied and 3,099 (57.6%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.3%. 5,652 people (40.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,985 people (56.7%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

[edit]

At the 2000 census there were 13,147 people in 5,109 households, including 3,239 families, in the city. The population density was 1,768.7 inhabitants per square mile (682.9/km2). There were 5,567 housing units at an average density of 748.9 per square mile (289.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.7% White, 0.6% Black, 2.2% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.8% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.7%.[18][19]

Of the 5,109 households 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 30.7% of households were one person and 14.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

The age distribution was 28.7% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,029, and the median family income was $32,799. Males had a median income of $26,807 versus $21,048 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,060. About 17.7% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Top employers

[edit]

According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR),[20] these are the top 10 employers:

# Employer # of Employees
1 County of Tehama 756
2 Saint Elizabeth Community Hospital 610
3 Walmart 340
4 Tehama County Department of Education 285
5 Red Bluff Union Elementary School District 261
6 Red Bluff High School District 213
7 City of Red Bluff 144
8 The Home Depot 140
9 PJ Helicopters 180
10 Raley's Supermarkets 85

Events

[edit]
  • In late 1984, it was discovered that Colleen Stan had been kept as a sex slave in a Red Bluff home since 1977, without anyone outside her abductors’ household knowing.
  • On November 19, 2002, Andrew Mickel shot and killed Officer David Mobilio of the Red Bluff Police Department in an attempt to make a political statement against "corporate irresponsibility" and the government's "police-state tactics".[21]

Newspapers

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  3. ^ "Red Bluff". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  4. ^ "Red Bluff (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ^ Capace, Nancy (1999). Encyclopedia of California. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 386. ISBN 9780403093182.
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  8. ^ "Red Bluff Independent 11 April 1864 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  9. ^ "Place Names" (PDF). p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  10. ^ "Post Offices". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  11. ^ "Red Bluff". Tougaloo College. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  12. ^ Gross, Jenny; Fazio, Marie (June 27, 2020). "2 Dead in Shooting at Walmart Distribution Center in California, Including Gunman". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  13. ^ "Tehama County blanketed in snow". February 24, 2023.
  14. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Red Bluff MUNI AP, CA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
  15. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Sacramento". National Weather Service. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
  16. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Red Bluff city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  18. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  19. ^ "96080 Zip Code (Red Bluff, California) Profile – homes, apartments, schools, population, income, averages, housing, demographics, location, statistics, sex offenders, residents and real estate info". www.city-data.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  20. ^ "City Of Red Bluff, California Annual Comprehensive Financial Report For The Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2022" (PDF). cityofredbluff.org. June 30, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  21. ^ Booth, William (April 4, 2005). "Murder, Incorporated?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011.
  22. ^ "CHL No. 117 Home of Mrs. John Brown – Tehama". California Historic Landmarks. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  23. ^ Bowles, Samuel (1869) [1865]. Across the Continent : A stage ride over the plains to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons and the Pacific states, in the summer of 1865, with speaker Colfax. Springfield, Massachusetts. pp. 171–172.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
[edit]
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